Who is responsible for providing trial results and information about the participant's actual treatment when available?

• A. The sponsor.
• B. The ethics committee.
• C. A third-party data monitoring board.
• D. The participant's physician.

Answer: (A)

The sponsor is responsible for providing trial results and information about the actual treatment given to participants when available. In a clinical trial, the sponsor oversees the overall conduct, data collection, analysis, and dissemination of results, and is the entity that ensures investigators receive the final results and any unblinded information about what treatment a participant actually received when needed. This allows investigators to transparently inform participants and interpret safety and efficacy data. The ethics committee focuses on protecting participants and approving the study, not on distributing trial results. A data monitoring board oversees safety during the trial but doesn’t routinely deliver final results or treatment details to participants. The participant’s physician cares for the patient’s health, but the official trial results and unblinded treatment information come from the sponsor through the investigators.